What does genetic engineering entail?

Genetic engineering specifically involves the modification of an organism's genetic material to alter its heredity. By inserting new genes, scientists can change how an organism develops, functions, and potentially its physical characteristics. This process allows for precise control over traits, potentially leading to advancements in agriculture, medicine, and various biotechnological applications.

The focus on inserting new genes distinguishes genetic engineering from other methods of influencing organisms. For instance, changing the physical environment or applying chemical treatments does not directly alter the genetic code but may affect the organisms' growth or adaptation in more indirect ways. Similarly, helping organisms adapt without genetic changes would not fall under the umbrella of genetic engineering, as it implies natural selection processes rather than direct manipulation of genetic material.