What does hydroponics refer to?

Hydroponics is accurately defined as a plant production system without soil. This method involves growing plants in a nutrient-rich water solution, allowing for direct absorption of nutrients by the plant roots. By eliminating soil, hydroponics can provide a more controlled environment for plant growth, often resulting in faster growth and higher yields compared to traditional soil cultivation.

The process typically employs various techniques to support the plants, such as using inert growing mediums like rock wool or coconut coir, and ensures that they receive adequate water, nutrients, and light. Hydroponics is particularly beneficial in areas with poor soil quality or limited arable land, allowing for sustainable agriculture practices and efficient use of resources, such as water and nutrients.

Other options refer to different agricultural practices: growing plants in soil, genetic modification techniques, and irrigation systems, which do not align with the fundamental characteristic of hydroponics. The focus of hydroponics is specifically on soil-less cultivation, making option B the clear and correct choice.