Future Business Leaders of America (FBLA) Agribusiness Practice Test

What process involves the conversion of food using yeast, molds, or bacteria?

1. Photosynthesis

2. Fermentation

3. Distillation

4. Oxidation

The correct answer is: Fermentation

Fermentation is a biological process that involves the conversion of sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol by the action of microorganisms like yeast, molds, or bacteria. This process is crucial in various food and beverage production methods, such as in the making of bread, beer, yogurt, and sauerkraut. During fermentation, microorganisms metabolize carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic conditions), producing byproducts that give fermented foods their distinct flavors and textures. In contrast, the other processes listed operate differently. Photosynthesis is the method by which green plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water. Distillation is a separation technique that uses heating to convert a liquid into vapor and then condenses the vapor back into liquid form, often used for purifying liquids or separating mixtures. Oxidation refers to a chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons, leading to an increase in oxidation state; it is not specifically related to the conversion of food substances the way fermentation is. Therefore, fermentation is the correct answer as it directly pertains to the transformation of food through the action of specific microorganisms.